Madrid

RESEARCH / PROVISIONAL

City evidence for a fixed GISCO functional urban area. Each source observation stays separate; this is not a city score or validated assessment.

Focus city · examined in the first cross-city reading.

Population · GHSL 20257,810,821

people · FUA · projected · 100 m source grid.

PROVISIONAL

Built surface · GHSL 2025 · sensitivity354,750,626

m² · FUA · projected sensitivity observation · cells selected by centre-in-polygon.

PROVISIONAL

Density proxy · GHSL 202522.02

persons per 1,000 m² built surface. Boundary methods differ.

PROVISIONAL

PM2.5 · H05 · 20247.81

µg/m³ · local UA · spatial mean · 7,875 valid pixels.

PROVISIONAL

Hot days ≥35°C · H06 · 202528.02

days/cell/year · ERA5-Land daily-maximum reanalysis · area mean over local Urban Atlas grid cells.

PROVISIONAL

Official Eurostat candidates

Employment and housing context

Received observations only; not admitted for cross-city comparison. Each value retains its year and quality flag.

Indicator	Unit	Received observations	Status
Labour-market activity rateEurostat urb_llma · EC1001I	%	Unavailable for this FUA	UNAVAILABLE
Unemployment rateEurostat urb_llma · EC1020I	% of active population	2020: 12.76 · flag e \| 2021: 11.7 · flag e \| 2022: 11.39 · flag e \| 2023: 10.24 · flag e \| 2024: 9.24 · flag e	OFFICIAL / UNVALIDATED
Living area per personEurostat urb_llivcon · SA1022V	m²/person	Unavailable for this FUA	UNAVAILABLE

UNAVAILABLE

FUA income: no admissible observation. No value has been imputed or substituted.

Source trail

Physical H05/H06: local UA geography HAB-UA2021-ES001L3-V0, geometry SHA-256 847c24abf4fcf1bf2e38eda59be2cdeba22ead53b7060dc3deb621394fb84a28; consolidated in run 38645099564.
GHSL and GISCO: FUA ES001F; source archive names and SHA-256 are retained in the canonical panel.
Eurostat API query, retrieval time, response hash and JSON-stat dimensions are retained in the canonical panel; third-party terms and attribution apply.